Introduction to the book of Leviticus
The Book of Leviticus receives its English title from the Latin Vulgate, which is derived from the Greek Septuagint (LXX) title Leuitikon (Λευιτικόν), meaning “Levitical” or “pertaining to the Levites.”
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Genesis 2:8 – Commentary
The Planting of Paradise
This verse marks a pivotal moment in the creation narrative, as God personally plants a garden—paradeisos in the Septuagint—and places the newly formed man within it. The term paradeisos, borrowed from Persian, denotes an enclosed royal garden or park, suggesting both beauty and divine sovereignty. This garden in Eden becomes the primordial sanctuary, the place of communion between God and humanity.
Christological Significance
The Fathers consistently read this passage through the lens of Christ’s redemptive work. Saint Ephrem the Syrian and other patristic writers understood that what was lost in the first paradise would be restored through the Second Adam. When Christ tells the repentant thief, “Today you will be with me in Paradise” (Luke 23:43), He reopens the gates that were closed when Adam was expelled. The garden planted “eastward” anticipates the orientation of Christian worship, as the faithful pray facing east, awaiting the return of Christ who comes as the Sun of Righteousness from the east.
Saint John of Damascus teaches that paradise was both physical and spiritual, a place where Adam could perceive God and commune with Him directly. This understanding shapes Orthodox anthropology—humanity was created for theosis, for participation in divine life, and paradise represents this original calling.
Liturgical Connections
The hymnography of the Orthodox Church frequently invokes the imagery of paradise. During the Sunday of Forgiveness (Cheesefare Sunday), the Church chants of Adam’s lament at being expelled from paradise, making this verse’s significance deeply felt in the liturgical cycle. The entire Lenten journey becomes a return to paradise, culminating in Pascha when Christ descends to Hades and leads Adam and Eve back to their original home.
The placement of man in the garden also prefigures baptism, where the newly illumined Christian is clothed in white garments and enters the Church—the new paradise. Saint Cyril of Jerusalem explicitly connects baptismal regeneration with the restoration of paradise.
Patristic Wisdom
Saint Theophilus of Antioch emphasizes that God Himself planted this garden, indicating its sacred character. Saint Ambrose of Milan sees in the eastward location a symbol of the light of divine wisdom, contrasting with the darkness of sin that would later enter through disobedience.
The verse reminds Orthodox Christians that humanity’s true home is in God’s presence, and that the entire economy of salvation—from Incarnation through the Eucharist to the final restoration—aims at returning us to that blessed communion first established in the garden planted by God’s own hand.
The Book of Leviticus receives its English title from the Latin Vulgate, which is derived from the Greek Septuagint (LXX) title Leuitikon (Λευιτικόν), meaning “Levitical” or “pertaining to the Levites.”

The Book of Exodus receives its English title from the Greek Septuagint (LXX), where it is called Exodos (Ἔξοδος), meaning “departure” or “exit.” This name was chosen because the central

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