Introduction to the book of Leviticus
The Book of Leviticus receives its English title from the Latin Vulgate, which is derived from the Greek Septuagint (LXX) title Leuitikon (Λευιτικόν), meaning “Levitical” or “pertaining to the Levites.”
EOB: Official Site of the Eastern / Greek Orthodox Bible (Old and New Testament)
EOB (Eastern / Greek Orthodox Bible):
EOB Footnote:
KJV (King James Version):
WEB (World English Bible):
Benton LXX (Vaticanus):
Douai-Rheims (Vulgate):
Apostoliki Diakonia (LXX):
YLT (Young Literal Translation )(MT):
BBE (Bible in Basic English):
EOB Commentary:
Commentary on Genesis 7:4
The Divine Patience and the Fullness of Time
The seven days granted before the flood’s commencement reveal a profound truth about God’s nature: even in judgment, He extends mercy and opportunity for repentance. This period represents the final invitation to a world steeped in corruption, demonstrating that the Lord does not desire the death of sinners but rather their conversion.
Typological Significance for Christ and Baptism
The Fathers of the Church consistently read this passage through the lens of Christian baptism and the work of Christ. Saint John Chrysostom observes that just as Noah entered the ark and was saved through water, so too do believers enter the Church and are saved through the waters of baptism. The forty days and forty nights of rain prefigure Christ’s forty-day fast in the wilderness, where He overcame the tempter and inaugurated the restoration of creation that the flood could only symbolize.
The number forty carries immense weight throughout Scripture: Moses on Sinai, Elijah’s journey to Horeb, Israel’s wilderness wandering, and our Lord’s temptation all share this sacred duration. In Orthodox understanding, forty represents a period of trial, purification, and preparation for divine encounter.
Liturgical Connections
The Orthodox Church commemorates these events during the Great Blessing of Waters at Theophany, where the prayers recall how God purified the ancient world through the flood. The Lenten season, with its forty-day duration, deliberately echoes this pattern of purification, inviting the faithful to pass through the waters of repentance before celebrating the Paschal mystery.
Saint Ephrem the Syrian beautifully notes that the ark floating upon the waters while judgment fell beneath represents the Church carried safely through the tumultuous waters of this age. Those within the ark—the Church—are preserved, while those outside perish.
The Erasure of Sin and New Creation
The phrase “every living substance that I have made will I destroy” speaks to the radical nature of sin’s corruption. Creation itself had become so perverted by human wickedness that a kind of decreation was necessary. Yet this destruction serves recreation; the flood waters both judge and cleanse, preparing for a renewed covenant with Noah.
Orthodox theology sees here a foreshadowing of the final judgment and the new creation promised in Revelation. The flood did not ultimately solve humanity’s problem—sin persisted even in Noah’s family—pointing forward to the need for a more complete salvation accomplished in Christ’s death and resurrection, the true passage through death’s waters into eternal life.
The Book of Leviticus receives its English title from the Latin Vulgate, which is derived from the Greek Septuagint (LXX) title Leuitikon (Λευιτικόν), meaning “Levitical” or “pertaining to the Levites.”

The Book of Exodus receives its English title from the Greek Septuagint (LXX), where it is called Exodos (Ἔξοδος), meaning “departure” or “exit.” This name was chosen because the central

I. Date and Authorship Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church, affirmed by the Fathers and the liturgical usage of the Church from the earliest centuries, attributes the Book of Genesis

Does Hebrews 11 on the Maccabees Show Stronger Alignment with 4 Maccabees than 2 Maccabees? Hebrews 11 (the famous “Hall of Faith” chapter) does not explicitly mention the Maccabees by